Common types of air mattresses

• Alternating Pressure Mattresses (APMs): 

  These use a pump to inflate and deflate air cells in a cycle, shifting pressure from one part of the body to another. 

  • Use: Excellent for preventing pressure ulcers in bedridden patients by distributing weight across the body. 
• Low Air Loss Mattresses (LALs): 

  These mattresses feature a slow, continuous flow of air to keep the skin dry and reduce the risk of moisture buildup and skin breakdown. 

  • Use: Ideal for those at high risk of developing bedsores or for patients with sensitive skin, often combined with alternating pressure technology. 
• Hybrid Mattresses: 

  These mattresses combine both foam and air components. 

  • Design: Foam may be integrated into air cells, or it may be a foam layer placed above the air cells. 
  • Use: Offer features of both foam and air mattresses, though non-powered versions act more like a standard foam mattress. 
• Lateral Rotation Mattresses: 

  These systems slowly and continuously rotate the user from side to side. 

  • Use: Often used for long-term care patients who need frequent repositioning to improve circulation and prevent complications, and many also feature low air loss technology. 
• Bariatric Air Mattresses: 

  These are built to support higher weight capacities and are designed for larger individuals, often incorporating features like alternating pressure or low air loss. 

  • Use: For larger patients who require the pressure-relieving benefits of an air mattress. 

Prevention of pressure injuries

• Pressure redistribution: 

  Air mattresses use air chambers to evenly distribute a patient’s body weight, eliminating constant pressure points that can lead to skin breakdown and bedsores. 
• Alternating pressure: 

  Some mattresses inflate and deflate air cells in a cycle, gently repositioning the patient and promoting blood flow while alleviating pressure on sensitive areas. 
• Reduced friction and shear: 

  The constant motion and weight distribution help reduce the friction and shear forces that can further damage fragile skin. 

Circulation and healing

• Improved blood flow: 

  The continuous, gentle movement from alternating pressure mattresses helps stimulate blood circulation to vital tissues, which is crucial for tissue health and wound healing. 
• Pain relief: 

  By relieving pressure on painful areas, air mattresses can reduce pain and improve overall comfort for patients who are immobile or have conditions like arthritis. 

Moisture and skin health

• Moisture management: 

  Low air loss mattresses feature tiny holes that allow a gentle, cool airflow to pass through the surface. This helps wick away moisture, keeping the skin dry and reducing the risk of maceration (skin breakdown due to excess moisture). 
• Dry environment: 

  The continuous airflow creates a drier microclimate, which is more conducive to healthy skin and can help prevent bacterial growth. 

Patient comfort and caregiver support

• Increased comfort: 

  Air mattresses provide a more supportive and comfortable surface, which can lead to better rest and a reduction in patient discomfort. 
• Reduced caregiver workload: 

  The automatic repositioning features reduce the need for manual, time-consuming turning and repositioning by caregivers, making patient assignments more manageable. 
• Infection control: 

  Some air mattresses have antimicrobial surfaces or washable covers, which can simplify cleaning and help reduce the risk of cross-contamination. 

Key factors to consider

• Patient needs:

  • Pressure sore risk: For high-risk patients, an alternating pressure or low air loss mattress is recommended to promote circulation and reduce pressure. 
  • Moisture and heat: If moisture buildup is a concern, choose a low air loss or alternating pressure mattress designed to improve airflow and manage moisture. 
• Mattress type:

  • Alternating pressure: Cycles air through chambers to periodically shift pressure points. 
  • Low air loss: Allows air to flow through the mattress surface to help keep the skin dry. 
  • Combination systems: Often combine both alternating pressure and low air loss features for maximum benefit. 
• Features to look for:

  • Size and fit: Ensure the mattress dimensions are compatible with your hospital bed frame. 
  • Weight capacity: The mattress must be able to support the patient’s weight. 
  • Adjustable pressure: Allows for customization to ensure both comfort and proper support. 
  • Durable and easy to clean materials: Look for fluid-resistant, antimicrobial covers that are easy to sanitize. 
  • Quiet pump: A quieter pump will minimize disturbance during sleep. 
  • Built-in alarm: Some models include an alarm for safety. 
• Warranty: 

  A good warranty can protect against defects and malfunctions. 

Daily maintenance

• Wipe the mattress cover with a soft cloth dampened in a mild detergent and water solution. 
• Clean up any spills or dirt immediately. 
• Check that the pump is working correctly. 

Weekly maintenance

• Inspect the pump and tubing for dust, clogs, or tiny air leaks. 
• Make sure the air vents on the pump are unobstructed. 
• Adjust the air pressure based on the patient’s weight and comfort needs. 

Monthly maintenance

• Gently clean the air filter, if the design allows. 
• Deflate the mattress and inspect every cell for cracks or thin patches. 
• Wipe the waterproof cover with an approved sanitizer and let it dry completely. 

Cleaning and disinfection

• Use mild soap and water for general cleaning. 
• For disinfection, use a quaternary disinfectant or pre-diluted bleach wipes, following manufacturer guidelines. 
• Avoid harsh cleaning products that can damage the mattress cover. 
• Pay special attention to seams, corners, and valves during cleaning and disinfection. 
• Always allow the mattress to dry completely before covering it with bedding. 

When not in use

• Deflate the mattress completely. 
• Roll the mattress slowly to avoid creasing the hoses. 
• Secure the rolled mattress lightly and store it in a cool, dry area, away from direct sunlight, solvents, or sharp objects.