Benefits for the patient

• Prevents pressure sores: 

  Specialized mattresses help prevent and relieve the pain of pressure ulcers, especially for those who are bedridden for long periods. 
• Increases comfort and improves sleep: 

  The adjustable positions of the bed allow for customized comfort, which can reduce pain and lead to better sleep quality. 
• Aids recovery and mobility: 

  Raising or lowering the bed’s head, foot, and overall height helps with circulation, breathing, and makes it easier to get in and out of bed. It also provides a safe space for physical therapy and exercise. 
• Supports various health needs: 

  Hospital beds and mattresses can be particularly beneficial for those with conditions like paralysis, respiratory issues, or serious injuries. 

Benefits for the caregiver

• Streamlines caregiving tasks: 

  The adjustable height of the bed allows caregivers to perform procedures, give medications, and provide care without straining their own backs or making the patient uncomfortable. 
• Ensures patient safety: 

  Side rails and the ability to adjust the bed’s position help prevent falls and allow for safer patient transfers. 
• Provides a secure environment: 

  With features like locking wheels and side rails, caregivers can ensure the bed is stable when needed and secure the patient at all times. 

Hospital bed types

• Manual beds: 

  The user or caregiver adjusts the bed’s height, head, and foot with a hand crank. 
• Semi-electric beds: 

  These beds are adjusted with an electric motor and a hand-held remote, typically for the head and foot, while the bed’s height is adjusted manually. 
• Fully electric beds: 

  These allow for full adjustment of the bed’s height, head, and foot using an electric motor and remote control. 
• Specialized beds:

  • Bariatric: Wider and sturdier to support heavier individuals. 
  • Low beds: Designed to be closer to the floor, reducing the risk of injury from falls. 
  • Hi-low: Electronically adjustable to both high and low positions. 
  • Acute care beds: Used in hospitals for specific medical needs. 

Mattress types

• Foam: 

  A common material for standard hospital bed mattresses, available in various densities and firmness levels. 
• Innerspring: 

  Traditional mattresses with a supportive coil system, but often with added comfort layers. 
• Gel-infused foam: 

  Gel provides cooling properties to help regulate body temperature. 
• Air-fluidized: 

  The most advanced type, using tiny air-filled beads to redistribute pressure evenly across the body, which is beneficial for patients at high risk of pressure ulcers. 
• Specialized: 

  Mattresses may have a combination of materials, enhanced features for moisture management, or durability for heavier patients. 

Key considerations when choosing

• Patient mobility: Determines the level of assistance needed for adjustments. 
• Patient’s medical condition: For example, pressure ulcer prevention may require an air-fluidized mattress. 
• Mattress flexibility: A mattress must be able to bend with the bed frame without damage, so standard mattresses are not suitable for adjustable beds. 

Bed features

• Adjustability: 

  Look for beds with adjustable head, foot, and height settings. Electronic beds offer the most flexibility. 
• Weight Capacity: 

  Ensure the bed can safely support the patient’s weight. Bariatric options are available for heavier individuals. 
• Mobility: 

  Wheels or casters make it easier to move the bed for cleaning or repositioning. 
• Safety: 

  Sturdy frames, lockable casters, and side rails are essential for fall protection. 
• Power Backup: 

  For electronic beds, a battery backup is crucial for use during power outages. 
• Space: 

  Measure the room to ensure there is enough space for the bed and for caregivers to move around it comfortably, ideally at least 3 feet on three sides. 

Mattress features

• Support and Pressure Relief: 

  Choose a mattress that provides adequate support to prevent bedsores. Options include memory foam, gel-infused foam, or alternating pressure mattresses that inflate and deflate to redistribute weight evenly.
• Flexibility: 

  The mattress should be flexible enough to bend with the bed’s movements without losing its supportive properties.
• Size and Fit: 

  The mattress must fit the bed frame perfectly to prevent shifting or bunching.
• Hygiene: 

  Look for waterproof, stain-resistant, and antimicrobial covers, especially for incontinent patients. Removable and washable covers are also beneficial.
• Thickness: 

  A thicker mattress is generally more comfortable, particularly for individuals who spend more than 12 hours in bed a day. 

Additional considerations

• Consult a professional: Involve the user’s healthcare provider to ensure the chosen bed meets their specific medical needs and to get recommendations.
• Trial: If possible, try out the bed in person to assess its comfort and features.
• Maintenance: Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for maintenance and cleaning to ensure the bed’s longevity and proper function. 

Types of pressure relief mattresses

• Foam Mattresses:

  These use different densities of foam to support the body and help redistribute pressure. Some have special features like waffle-cut foam to reduce shear or gel-infused foam for cooling. 
• Alternating Pressure Air (AP) Mattresses:

  These have air cells that inflate and deflate in a cycle to continuously change the pressure points on the patient’s body. 
• Low Air Loss Mattresses:

  These continuously circulate air, keeping the patient’s skin dry and cool, which is important for preventing moisture-related skin breakdown. 
• Hybrid Mattresses:

  These combine features from different types, such as air cells and foam, to offer a comprehensive approach to pressure relief and comfort. 

Features to consider for patient comfort and safety

• Pressure redistribution: 

  The primary function is to spread weight evenly over a larger area to prevent pressure ulcers. 
• Moisture management: 

  Features like low air loss or breathable covers help keep the skin dry, which is essential for preventing skin breakdown. 
• Support: 

  Mattresses are designed with different support levels, often featuring softer foam in some areas to allow for immersion and help with foot pressure points. 
• Ease of cleaning: 

  Many models come with waterproof, removable, and easily wipeable covers. 
• Patient-specific design: 

  Some mattresses are designed for different risk levels, sizes (like bariatric patients), or specific needs like heel pressure relief. 

Best practices for use

• Proper sheet use: 

  Always use a flat, loose-fitting, or breathable sheet. Tight sheets can create resistance and prevent the mattress from working correctly.
• Regular repositioning: 

  While a pressure mattress is a vital tool, it’s still important to reposition the patient regularly.
• Correct mattress placement: 

  Ensure the mattress is placed correctly, as some have specific bottom layers that should not be facing up. 

Daily and weekly maintenance

• Clean high-touch areas: Wipe down side rails, remote controls, and other frequently touched spots daily. 
• Change and wash bedding: Change sheets at least once a week and immediately if soiled. 
• Protect the mattress: Use a waterproof mattress cover to prevent stains from bodily fluids and spills. 

Monthly maintenance

• Inspect the bed frame: Check for any cracks or damage. 
• Inspect moving parts: Make sure the bed’s mechanical parts (like cranks, motors, and wheels) are functioning correctly. 
• Lubricate moving parts: Lubricate any moving parts as needed to ensure smooth operation. 
• Clean the frame: Disinfect the bed frame, paying attention to high-touch areas. 

Deep cleaning and periodic maintenance

• Deep clean the mattress: Conduct a deep clean of the mattress every six months to a year, or as recommended by the manufacturer. Follow the manufacturer’s specific instructions, which often involve soap and water followed by disinfection. 
• Rotate the mattress: Rotate the mattress every few months, if the design allows, to prevent uneven wear and prolong its lifespan. 
• Air out the mattress: If possible, air out the mattress in sunlight periodically. 

As-needed and replacement maintenance

• Replace worn-out parts: Replace any worn-out or broken components as soon as they are identified. 
• Replace the mattress: If the mattress shows significant sagging, lumps, or other signs of wear that compromise comfort or support, replace it. Some manufacturers recommend replacing medical mattresses every five years. 
• Check electrical components: Ensure all electrical components are working properly and that wires are not frayed. 

General tips

• Keep the area clean: Keep the area around the bed clutter-free to make cleaning easier. 
• Follow manufacturer guidelines: Always refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for specific cleaning and maintenance recommendations, especially for disinfecting the mattress. 
• Wash your hands: Practice good hygiene by washing your hands before and after use.