Key features and functions

• Pressure redistribution: 

  The main function is to distribute a person’s weight over a larger surface area, which reduces pressure on sensitive points like the heels, hips, and tailbone. 
• Alternating pressure: 

  In this type, air cells are inflated and deflated in a cycle to prevent continuous pressure on any single area of the body. 
• Low air loss: 

  Some mattresses include small air vents that provide a continuous flow of air, helping to keep the skin dry and cool and reduce moisture buildup. 
• Static and dynamic modes: 

  Many models have a “static” button that allows the user to stop the alternating action for a static, non-moving surface if desired. 
• Low-shear and fluid-resistant covers: 

  The mattress covers are typically made of a durable, vapor-permeable, low-shear, and water-resistant material to protect the patient’s skin. 
• Easy to use: 

  They are designed for use with standard hospital or home care beds and often include features like a quick-fill adapter and a CPR valve for rapid deflation in an emergency. 
• Alarms: 

  Many models have low-pressure alarms to alert a caregiver if the pressure drops below a safe level. 
• Types: 

  Options include mattress pads, replacement systems, and mattresses with features like lateral rotation (which gently turns the patient from side to side) or designs for bariatric patients. 

Common types

• Alternating Pressure Mattresses:

  These use a pump to cycle air through a series of air cells, which repeatedly inflate and deflate to redistribute pressure across the body and prevent pressure ulcers. 
• Low Air Loss Mattresses:

  These systems continuously provide gentle airflow across the mattress surface, which helps manage moisture and keep the skin dry, reducing the risk of bedsores. 
• Combination Systems:

  These high-end mattresses combine both alternating pressure and low air loss technologies, making them suitable for patients with a high risk of skin breakdown. 

Specialized types

• Bariatric Mattresses:

  Designed for larger patients, these are more durable and can support higher weights, often up to 1,000 pounds. 
• Lateral Rotation Mattresses:

  These automatically and gently turn the patient from side to side to help prevent pressure ulcers. Many lateral rotation models also incorporate alternating pressure and/or low air loss features. 
• Static/Foam Mattresses:

  While not exclusively air mattresses, some pressure relief systems are hybrids that include a foam base or topper with air components to provide a combination of support and pressure redistribution. 

Assess patient needs and mattress function

• Pressure sore risk:

  • Prevention: Choose a mattress for patients with no existing bed sores, such as a basic alternating pressure system. 
  • Treatment: For users with existing bed sores, select a mattress designed for “Treatment and Prevention,” which often includes low air loss and alternating pressure features. 
• Weight capacity: 

  Ensure the mattress is rated to support the patient’s weight and any additional equipment. 
• Patient comfort: 

  Choose a mattress with adjustable pressure settings to customize the firmness and support for the individual. 
• Safety: 

  Consider a mattress with firm or raised side perimeters to help prevent falls and make transfers easier. 

Evaluate mattress features

• Mattress type:

  • Alternating pressure: Uses a pump to cycle air through the cells to shift pressure points, promoting circulation. 
  • Low air loss: Circulates air across the surface to help manage moisture and regulate body temperature, often combined with alternating pressure. 
• Cell construction:

  • Bubble pad: A more affordable option, but a single puncture can cause the entire system to fail. 
  • Individual tubes: More durable, as a single puncture will not stop the entire mattress from working, and individual tubes can be replaced if needed. 
• Pump: 

  Look for a pump that inflates and deflates the mattress quickly and quietly to avoid disturbing the patient. 
• Material: 

  Choose a high-quality, durable material that is easy to clean and sanitize. 

Consider other important factors

• Warranty: A good warranty provides protection in case of defects.
• Ease of use: Ensure the mattress is easy to set up, operate, and maintain, with clear instructions.
• Noise level: A quieter pump will minimize sleep disturbance. 

Daily and weekly maintenance

• Check the pump and tubing: 

  Weekly, inspect the pump and tubing for dust, clogs, or signs of damage. Ensure the pump’s vents are clear. 
• Wipe the surface: 

  After checking the pump, wipe the mattress cover with a soft cloth dampened with mild soap and water. Clean spills immediately. 
• Keep it covered: 

  Use a protective cover or sheets that are compatible with the mattress to help extend its life and make cleaning easier, but ensure they don’t impede airflow. 

Regular and deep cleaning

• Remove bedding: 

  Take off all sheets and coverings before cleaning. Wash them separately in hot, soapy water. 
• Vacuum: 

  Vacuum the mattress surface thoroughly to remove dust, sand, and other particles. 
• Spot clean: 

  Use a slightly damp, soapy rag to spot clean any stains. Blot the area with a clean towel. 
• For deeper cleaning/disinfection: 

  Use approved sanitizers or a mild cleaning solution like a quaternary disinfectant or pre-diluted bleach wipes. For stubborn odors, you can try baking soda, letting it sit for a few minutes before vacuuming, or a mild solution of vinegar. 

Drying and deflation

• Dry thoroughly: Always ensure the mattress is completely dry before use or storage to prevent mold and mildew. You can use a hairdryer on the “cool” setting or allow it to air dry in a shaded area out of direct sunlight. 
• Deflate properly: Unplug the pump and store the cord. If manual, remove the valve to let the air out. Slowly deflate the mattress to avoid damage. 
• Avoid overinflation: Do not overinflate the mattress, as this can damage the seams. 

• Store in a cool, dry place: Keep the mattress in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and sharp objects.
• Roll carefully: Roll the mattress slowly, making sure the hoses stay straight.
• Secure the bundle: Secure the rolled mattress lightly for storage.